Types of Vitamins, their chemical names and deficiency diseases

What are the types of vitamins, their chemical names, sources, and deficiency diseases?

What is a vitamin?

Vitamins are a class of organic compounds categorized as essential nutrients. 

Vitamins do not provide energy but enable the body to use other nutrients.

Vitamins are divided into two types.

Types of vitamins

1. Fat-soluble vitamins:-

Vitamin A : 

Chemical name - Retinol

Deficiency disease -   Night blindness

                                   Conjunctival and corneal xerosis

                                    Bitot's spot

                                    keratomalacia

Sources - liver, butter, cheese, eggs, carrot, spinach, green leaves

Vitamin D  :

Chemical name - Cholecalciferol ( D3 ), Calciferol (D2 )

Deficiency disease -    Children - Rickets

                                    Adult - Osteomalacia

Sources - Sunlight, liver, butter, cheese, eggs, 

Vitamin E : 

Chemical name - Tocopherol

Deficiency disease- Infertility may occur

Sources - vegetable oils, egg yolk, butter

Vitamin K :

Chemical name - Phylloquinone

Deficiency disease - Bleeding disorder

Sources - Fresh green vegetables, fruits

2. Water-soluble vitamins:-

Vitamin B1 :

Chemical name - Thiamine

Deficiency disease - Beriberi

                                   Wernick's encephalopathy

Sources - wheat, rice, pulse, groundnut, milk, eggs, mutton, liver

Vitamin B2 :

Chemical name - Riboflavin

Deficiency disease - Ariboflavinosis, Stomatitis, Glossitis

Sources - Whole cereals, pulses, green leafy vegetables, liver, milk, eggs, meat.

Vitamin B3 :

Chemical name - Niacin

Deficiency disease - Pellagra-

                                        Diarrhoea

                                        Dermatitis

                                        Dementia

Sources - Legumes, groundnut. liver, kidney, meat, poultry fish

Vitamin B5 :

chemical name - Pantothenic acid

Deficiency disease - Paresthesia

Sources - all foods

Vitamin B6 :

Chemical name - Pyridoxine

Deficiency disease - Peripheral neuritis

Sources - Cereals, legumes, vegetables

Vitamin B7 :

Chemical name - Biotin

Deficiency disease - Dermatitis, enteritis.

Vitamin B9 :

Chemical name - Folic acid

Deficiency disease - Megaloblastic anaemia, neuritis, glossitis, cheilosis, diarrhoea, flatulence, and dyspepsia.

Sources;- fruits, cereals, leafy vegetables, liver, meat, milk, eggs

Vitamin B12 :

Chemical name - Cyanocobalamin

Deficiency disease - Pernicious anaemia, neuritis, demyelination of neurons.

Sources - Liver, kidney, meat, fish, eggs, milk, 

Vitamin C :

chemical name - Ascorbic acid

Deficiency disease - scurvy, bleeding, and swollen gums, subcutaneous bruising, anaemia.

Sources - Fresh citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables, germinating pulses, amla, guava.

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